ABSTRACT
The pandemic on SARS-CoV-2 infection has adversely impacted mankind all over the globe and more importantly, amidst individuals having Type-2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) as well as among those who produce SARS-CoV-2 intricacies. Humoral and T cell-mediated immunity are adaptive immunity has a pivotal role to play in removing pathogens, comprising SARS-CoV-2. The infected cells are being eliminated by the primarily cytotoxic CD8+ T cells as well as certain antibodies in opposition to SARS-CoV-2 among humoral immunological responses possess the capacity for neutralizing this virus or by eliminating the infected cells with the support of cytotoxic in order to manage the progression of the disease. This cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2022 to December 2022. The serum samples were used to analyze SARS-CoV-2 total Ab among individuals having and not having T2DM and several metabolic risk factors like hypertension using WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Total Ab ELISA Kit. There were 354 individuals, of which 141 (39.8%) had T2DM and 213 (60.2%) were nondiabetic patients. T2DM showed reduced antibody levels (average 5 AU/ml) than those without diabetes (average 12 AU/ ml). SARS-CoV2 total antibody levels are considerably lower in hypertension patients (8 AU/ml) over those who are normotensive (14 AU/ml). The present study implies that the continuous monitoring of the total antibody profile of SARS-CoV-2 that may be a practical strategy to help individuals with T2DM and hypertension to determine their need of precautionary doses for sustaining SARS-CoV-2 vaccines by producing immunity for protection against infections.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to healthcare and is classified as a global pandemic. This study aims to find the association between the inflammatory marker CRP, LDH, Ferritin, D-dimer, and the cycle threshold of SARS CoV2 in the pediatric population Methods: Patients admitted with COVID-19 infection (SARS CoV2 Real-Time PCR positive) from November 2020 to October 2021, were included in this study. The cycle threshold (Ct) of SARS CoV2 Real time-PCR test, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C reactive protein (CRP), serum Ferritin, D-dimer, white cell counts including absolute neutrophil and absolute lymphocyte count were analysed in these patients. Patients were divided into two groups based on the Ct (cycle threshold) value of SARS CoV2 RT-PCR for statistical analysis (Ct<=26 and Ct>26). Statistical analysis using the area under the curve with a Z score (95% confidence interval) was used to detect the significance between the serum parameters and the cycle threshold of RT-PCR in COVID-19 infection. Patients were grouped into asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 based on their clinical presentation. Unpaired t-test was used to identify a statistically significant correlation between clinical presentation and the serological parameters Results: Out of 1125 suspected COVID-19 patients, 47 patients (4% positivity) were identified as COVID-19 positive using RT-PCR. The mean age group of males was 8.74+/-5.11 years and females was 9.45+/-5.87 years. 2% of patients had severe and 13% of patients had moderate COVID-19 clinical presentation. The area under the curve analysis using a Z score with 95% CI identified a statistically significant correlation between the cycle threshold of SARS CoV2 RT -PCR and absolute lymphocyte count (p-value 0.04). No statistically significant correlation was identified between D-dimer, serum LDH, serum ferritin, total white cell count, and the cycle threshold of SARS CoV2 RT-PCR. Unpaired t-test showed a statistically significant correlation between clinical presentation and LDH, CRP, and D-dimer. Conclusion(s): The cycle threshold of RT-PCR does not show an association with serological parameters such as CRP, LDH, D-dimer, and serum ferritin. Absolute lymphocyte count can be used as an indicator to identify patients with low Ct values in SARS CoV2 RT-PCR. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) possess high mortality and morbidity across the globe. In India, BBV-152 (CovaxinTM) and ChAdOx1-nCOV (CovishieldTM) vaccines are now being used to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. A Cross sectional observational study was designed to analyze the Antibody immune response to SARS CoV-2 vaccine quantitatively among Health Care Workers and it was correlated with age, sex, other comorbidities and blood group. A total of 160 fully vaccinated HCWs, the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 level was estimated by using Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay. A protective immune response following the complete course of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine should be ≥ 1.00 S/C. A total of 160 HCWs (82 Male, 78 Female) who had completed both the doses of Covishield (n=128) and Covaxin (n=32). Both the vaccine recipient had mild to moderate symptoms and none of the HCWs had severe adverse events after administration of vaccine. Out of which, 143 (89.3%) HCWs showed seropositive and 17 (10.7%) HCWs showed seronegative. There was no notable variation in sex and other co-morbidities. Significantly, reduced antibody titers towards SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was noted among individuals aged ≤ 60 years and O+ve Blood group. Both the vaccines obtained successful immune response after their complete course, even though there was a significantly higher seropositivity rate in Covishield in spite of Covaxin recipients. Further, genomic correlative advanced studies can conclude the significance of non-responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among the HCWs.